These dances take place throughout late spring and early summer in which long lines of Kachina Dancers, representing various spirit-powers, perform in the open plazas of Hopi pueblos in Arizona.
Plains Peoples (Arapaho, Cheyenne, Shoshone, Arikara, Crow, Sioux, and others) observe the Sun Dance, a three- to four-day ceremony of penitence and sacrifice.
The fifth Guru, he built the Golden Temple of Amritsar to emphasize that the Sikh way was open to all, regardless of caste; the temple was constructed with doors facing all four directions. The first Sikh martyr, Arjan is also remembered for his contributions to and compilation of the Sikh Scriptures.
The first day of the first month of the Islamic year. This day commemorates the Hijra (“migration”) of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 C.E., where the first Islamic community was established. In 2023, the new year is 1445 A.H. (Anno Hegirae-in the year of the Hijra).
Summer Solstice, celebrating the longest day and the blessings of light as well as the beginning of the sun god’s death.
For Sunni Muslims, it is a voluntary fast day. Many important events are believed to have occurred on this day, such as Noah’s leaving the Ark and the freedom and departure of the Children of Israel from Egypt. For Shi’i Muslims, it is a time of mourning commemorating the martyrdom of Husain (the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad) on the 10th day of the lunar month of Muharram. (
The Prophet Joseph Smith and his brother Hyrum were assassinated in 1844 while incarcerated in Carthage, Ill.
Celebrates the creation of water, the sowing of the summer crop, and the harvesting of grain.