Presenter: Şevket Pamuk, Professor of Economics and Economic History, Bogaziçi University, Istanbul. He is a leading economic historian of the Ottoman Empire, the Middle East and modern Turkey. His book publications include A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire (1999), The Ottoman Economy (2009), Uneven Centuries: Economic Development of Turkey since 1820 (2018), and Turkey between Democracy and Authoritarianism (forthcoming 2019).